reproduced by hand, in contrast

from a printed book, reproduction

secular brotherhoods of scribes.

XVII century was Nicholas Jarry [fr].

Since manuscripts are subject to deterioration

and 12 thousand Georgian manuscripts

elements (case, binding).

text carrier and protective

mostly in monasteries.

so expensive material

way. Handwritten book

Since manuscripts are subject to deterioration

for Countess Louise of Savoy

term manuscript (late lat.manuscriptum,

and 12 thousand Georgian manuscripts

Western Europe also formed

Duke de Montosier

"Julia's Garland" (fr. Guirlande de Julie)

text carrier and protective

"Julia's Garland" (fr. Guirlande de Julie)

elements (case, binding).

handwritten by the author.

new texts were rewritten

or their samples written